分类： 生物学 >> 生物化学 分类： 生物学 >> 生态学 提交时间： 2018-11-22
摘要： Atmospherically-deposited nitrogen (N) can stimulate complex soil N metabolisms and accumulations over time. Whether long-term (decadal) N deposition effects on soil N transformations and functional microbes differ from the short-term (annual) effects have rarely been assessed. Here we conducted a laboratory 15N tracing study with soil samples from a short-term (one year) N addition site and a long-term (12 years) site in a subtropical forest. The effects of simulated N deposition on soil N2O emissions, N transformation rates and microbial nitrifying and denitrifying genes were determined. Our results showed that: (1) long-term N addition did not change soil N2O fluxes significantly in comparison to the short-term N addition. Denitrification, heterotrophic nitrification and autotrophic nitrification contributed 53%, 23% and 18% to total N2O emissions, respectively. (2) Autotrophic nitrification was the dominant N transformation process, except for the high-N treatment at the long-term site. The magnitude of soil N transformation rates was significantly different among N addition treatments but not between short- and long-term N addition sites. However, long-term N addition changed the responses of specific N transformation rates to N addition markedly, especially for the rates of nitrification, organic N mineralization to NH4+, NO3- immobilization and dissimilatory NO3- reduction to NH4+ (DNRA). (3) Responses of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria (AOA and AOB) were stronger than denitrifying N2O-producers (nirK) and denitrifying N2O-reducers (nosZ) at the long-term site compared to the short-term site. (4) The close correlations among N2O flux, functional genes and soil properties observed at the short-term site was weakened at the long-term site, posing a decreased risk for N losses in the acid subtropical forest soils. There is evidence for an adaptation of functional microbial communities to the prevailing soil conditions and in response to long-term natural and anthropogenic N depositions.
分类： 生物学 >> 生态学 提交时间： 2017-07-18
摘要： Apparent activation energy (Ea) is one of the most important and sensitive parameters that control soil organic C (SOC) decomposition in prevailing earth system models (ESMs). The variation of apparent Ea is affected by multiple soil environmental factors, among which soil moisture exerts a strong effect. Aiming to better inform temperature sensitivity parameterization in ESMs, here we examined the relationship between apparent Ea and soil moisture with both incubation experiment and field measurement in subtropical forests. We found that apparent Ea declined as soil moisture increased, consistently in both incubation and field experiments. We speculated that this phenomenon was due to altered microbial community composition from changing soil moisture. Our results suggest that future warming and changing precipitation would significantly affect the decomposition of recalcitrant carbon pools in subtropical forests. Lacking representation of the impact of soil moisture on SOC decomposition temperature sensitivity in current ESMs might have biased climate projection.
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